Bibliography

Overview:

WHO, 2022. Ambient (outdoor) air pollution. [Online]. Available at: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/ambient-(outdoor)-air-quality-and-health. [Accessed 4 January 2023].

Wienk, M., Buttrick, N. & Oishi, S., 2022. The social psychology of economic inequality, redistribution, and subjective well-being. European Review of Social Psychology, 33(1), pp. 45-80. [Online]. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/10463283.2021.1955458. [Accessed 4 January 2023].

North-South Divide:

Albertson, K. & Stepney, P., 2020. 1979 and all that: a 40-year reassessment of Margaret Thatcher’s legacy on her own terms. Cambridge Journal of Economics, Volume 44, pp. 319-342. [Online]. Available at: https://academic.oup.com/cje/article/44/2/319/5550923. [Accessed 11 January 2023].

Hacking, J., Muller, S. & Buchan, I.E., 2011. Trends in mortality from 1965 to 2008 across the English north-south divide: comparative observational study. British Medical Journal, Volume 342, pp. 1-9. [Online]. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21325004/. [Accessed 11 January 2023].

Martin, R., 2004. The contemporary debate over the North–South divide: images and realities of regional inequality in late-twentieth-century Britain. In: A. R. H. Baker & M. Billinge, eds. Geographies of England: The North-South Divide, Material and Imagined. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 15-43. [Online]. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/345833723_The_contemporary_debate_over_the_North-South_divide_images_and_realities_of_regional_inequality_in_late-twentieth-century_Britain. [Accessed 11 January 2023].

McInroy, N. & Jackson, M., 2012. Is it time to challenge the north/south divide debate? Inequality knows no compass points. [Online].

Available at: https://www.cles.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/No.-90-North-South-Divide.pdf. [Accessed 10 November 2022].

Ruppert, E., Isin, E. & Bigo, D., 2017. Data politics. Big Data & Society, 4(2), pp. 1-7. [Online]. Available at: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/2053951717717749. [Accessed 11 January 2023].

Data Sources:

DEFRA: PM2.5 modelled data (2011-2021). [Online]. Available at: https://uk-air.defra.gov.uk/data/pcm-data#pm25. [Accessed 9 January 2023].

DEFRA: PM10 modelled data (2011-2021). [Online]. Available at: https://uk-air.defra.gov.uk/data/pcm-data#pm10. [Accessed 9 January 2023].

ONS: Annual Personal Well-being estimates, "April 2020 to March 2021 – Local authority update edition of this dataset" (2011 to 2021). Available at: https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/wellbeing/datasets/headlineestimatesofpersonalwellbeing. [Accessed 9 January 2023].

Discussion of Data Sources:

DEFRA, 2018. Creating a great place for living Together we are building a green and healthy future. [Online]. Available at: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/753513/defra-group-strategy-2018.pdf. [Accessed 11 January 2023].

Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs (a), 2022. Gov.uk. [Online]. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/defra-group-breaches-of-the-code-of-practice-for-statistics/defra-group-breaches-of-the-code-of-practice-for-official-statistics#:~:text=1.-,Defra%20group%20breaches%20of%20the%20Code%20of%20Practice%20for%20Stat. [Accessed 4 January 2023].

Department for Environment Food & Rural Affairs (b), 2022. environment.data.gov. [Online]. Available at: https://environment.data.gov.uk/. [Accessed 4 January 2023].

Economic Secretary to the Treasury, 1998. Statistics: A Matter of Trust. [Online]. Available at: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/260823/report.pdf. [Accessed 4 January 2023].

Gov.uk, n.d. DEFRA: Our governance. [Online]
Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/department-for-environment-food-rural-affairs/about/our-governance.
[Accessed 4 January 2023].

Morgan, H. & Cant, J., 2018. Public confidence in official statistics –2018, s.l.: UK Statistics Authority. [Online]. Available at: https://natcen.ac.uk/media/1713230/NatCen_Public-Confidence-in-official-statistics_2018.pdf. [Accessed 11 January 2023].

Measuring Happiness: Literature Review:

Dambrun, M. et al., 2012. Measuring happiness: from fluctuating happiness to authentic-durable happiness. Frontiers in Psychology, 3(16). [Online]. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00016. [Accessed 11 January 2023].

Goetzke, F. & Rave, T., 2015. Regional Air Quality and Happiness in Germany. International Regional Science Review, 38(4), pp. 437-451. [Online]. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/0160017615589008. [Accessed 11 January 2023].

Houlden, V., Porto de Albuquerque, J., Weich, S. & Jarvis, S., 2019. A spatial analysis of proximate greenspace and mental wellbeing in London. Applied Geography, Volume 109, p. 102036. [Online]. Available at: https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/150645/1/spatial%20analysis%20of%20proximate%20greenspace%20and%20mental%20wellbeing%20in%20London.pdf. [Accessed 11 January 2023].

Sanduijav, C., Ferreira, S., Filipski, M. & Hashida, Y., 2021. Air pollution and happiness: Evidence from the coldest capital in the world. Ecological Economics, Volume 187, p. 107085. [Online]. Available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921800921001439. [Accessed 11 January 2023].

Zhang, X., Zhang, X. & Chen, X., 2017a. Happiness in the air: How does a dirty sky affect mental health and subjective well-being?. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Volume 85, pp. 81-94. [Online]. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29081551/. [Accessed 11 January 2023].

Zhang, X., Zhang, X. & Chen, X., 2017b. Valuing Air Quality Using Happiness Data: The Case of China. Ecological Economics, Volume 137, pp. 29-36. [Online]. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2017.02.020. [Accessed 11 January 2023].

Methods: Literature Review

Knight, S. & Howley, P., 2017. Can clean air make you happy? Examining the effect of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) on life satisfaction. Health, Econometrics and Data Group, pp. 1-30. [Online]. Available at: https://www.york.ac.uk/media/economics/documents/hedg/workingpapers/1708.pdf. [Accessed 11 January 2023].

Lavakras, P.J., 2008. Response bias. In: Encyclopedia of survey research methods . s.l.:Sage Publications Inc. [Online]. Available at: https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781412963947. [Accessed 11 January 2023].

Data Collection:

Numpy, n.d. Numpy.org. [Online]. Available at: https://numpy.org/. [Accessed 11 January 2023].

Pandas, n.d. pandas. [Online]. Available at: https://pandas.pydata.org/. [Accessed 11 January 2023].

ONS Geography, 2022. NHS England (Regions) (April 2021) EN BGC. [Online]. Available at: https://geoportal.statistics.gov.uk/datasets/ons::nhs-england-regions-april-2021-en-bgc-1/explore?location=52.584508%2C-2.489483%2C6.91. [Accessed 11 January 2023].

Data Cleaning:

Stack Overflow, 2021. “Shuffle one column in pandas data frame”. [Online]. Available at: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/54009400/shuffle-one-column-in-pandas-dataframe. [Accessed 11 January 2023].

SparkByExamples, 2022. “Pandas handle missing data in data frame”. [Online]. Available at: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/54009400/shuffle-one-column-in-pandas-dataframe. [Accessed 11 January 2023].

StackOverflow, 2019. “Using scikit learn (sklearn), how to handle missing data for linear regression?”. [Online]. Available at: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/33113947/using-scikit-learn-sklearn-how-to-handle-missing-data-for-linear-regression. [Accessed 11 January 2023].

Rässler, S., et al., 2013. Imputation. WIREs Comp Stat, Volume 5, pp.20-29. [Online]. Available at: https://doi-org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/10.1002/wics.1240. [Accessed 11 January 2023].

Allison, P., 2002. Missing Data. SAGE Publications Inc. [Online]. Available at: https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781412985079. [Accessed 11 January 2023].

Plaia, A. & Bondi, A.L., 2006. Single imputation method of missing values in environmental pollution data sets. Atmospheric Environment, 40(38), pp.7316-7330. [Online]. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.06.040. [Accessed 11 January 2023].

Alahamade, W., et al., 2020. Clustering Imputation for Air Pollution Data In: Hybrid Artificial Intelligent Systems. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics) . Springer, Cham, pp. 585-597. [Online]. Available at: https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/77669/1/Accepted_Manuscript.pdf. [Accessed 11 January 2023].

Data Translation:

PyBNG, n.d. PyBNG 0.1.8. [Online]. Available at: https://pypi.org/project/PyBNG/. [Accessed 11 January 2023].

PyProj, n.d. pyproj Documentation. [Online]. Available at: https://pyproj4.github.io/pyproj/stable/. [Accessed 11 January 2023].

Open Street Map, n.d. Welcome to Open Street Map!. [Online]. Available at: https://www.openstreetmap.org/#map=4/-15.13/-53.19. [Accessed 11 January 2023].

QGIS, n.d. QGIS. [Online]. Available at: https://qgis.org/en/site/. [Accessed 11 January 2023].

ONS Geography, 2022. LAD (Dec 2021) GB BFC. [Online]. Available at: https://geoportal.statistics.gov.uk/datasets/ons::lad-dec-2021-gb-bfc/explore?location=55.297034%2C-3.265847%2C7.90. [Accessed 11 January 2023].

ONS Geography, 2009. Coding and Naming Policies for UK Statistical Geographies. [Online]. Available at: https://geoportal.statistics.gov.uk/documents/coding-and-naming-policy-for-uk-statistical-geographies-1/explore. [Accessed 11 January 2023].

DEFRA, n.d. Modelled background pollution data. [Online]. Available at: https://uk-air.defra.gov.uk/data/pcm-data. [Accessed 11 January 2023].

QGIS, n.d. 6.1.2. Follow Along: “On the Fly” Reprojection. [Online]. Available at: https://docs.qgis.org/3.22/en/docs/training_manual/vector_analysis/reproject_transform.html#moderate-fa-saving-a-dataset-to-another-crs. [Accessed 11 January 2023].

QGIS, n.d. 8. Coordinate Reference Systems. [Online]. Available at: https://docs.qgis.org/3.22/en/docs/gentle_gis_introduction/coordinate_reference_systems.html. [Accessed 11 January 2023].

QGIS Tutorials and Tips, n.d. Performing Spatial Joins (QGIS3). [Online]. Available at: http://www.qgistutorials.com/en/docs/3/performing_spatial_joins.html. [Accessed 11 January 2023].

Coding for Visualisations:

Scikit Learn, n.d. 1.1. Linear Models. [Online]. Available at: https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/linear_model.html. [Accessed 11 January 2023].

Plotly, n.d. Setting the Font, Title, Legend Entries, and Axis Titles in Python. [Online]. Available at: https://plotly.com/python/figure-labels/. [Accessed 11 January 2023].

Statology, 2022. How to get regression model summary from scikit-learn. [Online]. Available at: https://www.statology.org/sklearn-linear-regression-summary/#:~:text=We%20can%20use%20the%20following%20code%20to%20fit,%5B%27x1%27%2C%20%27x2%27%5D%5D%2C%20df.y%20%23fit%20regression%20model%20model.fit%28X%2C%20y%29. [Accessed 11 January 2023].

Plotly, n.d. Scatter Plots in Python [Online]. Available at https://plotly.com/python/line-and-scatter/. [Accessed 11 January 2023].

Plotly, n.d. Facet and Trellis Plots in Python [Online]. Available at: https://plotly.com/python/facet-plots/. [Accessed 11 January 2023].

StackOverflow, 2019. “Plotly: How to hide axis titles in a plotly express figure with facets?. [Online]. Available at: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/63386812/plotly-how-to-hide-axis-titles-in-a-plotly-express-figure-with-facets. [Accessed 11 January 2023].

Practical Data Science, n.d. How to visualise correlations using Pandas and Seaborn. [Online]. Available at: https://practicaldatascience.co.uk/data-science/how-to-visualise-correlations-using-pandas-and-seaborn. [Accessed 11 January 2023].

Correlation Matrix:

Penn State, n.d. 10.4- Multicollinearity. [Online]. Available at: https://online.stat.psu.edu/stat462/node/177/. [Accessed 11 January 2023].

Penn State B, n.d. 10.7- Detecting Multicollinearity Using Variance Inflation Factors. [Online]. Available at: https://online.stat.psu.edu/stat462/node/180/. [Accessed 11 January 2023].

Chloropleth Maps:

UK Department for Transport, 2012. UK Port Freight Statistics: 2011 Final Figures. [Online]. Available at: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/9258/port-freight-statistics-full-summary-2011.pdf. [Accessed 11 January 2023].

UK Department for Transport, 2012. Port freight statistics: 2012 final figures. [Online]. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/port-freight-statistics-2012-final-figures. [Accessed 11 January 2023].

UK Department for Transport, 2015. Port freight statistics: 2013 final figures (revised). [Online]. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/port-freight-statistics-2013-final-figures. [Accessed 11 January 2023].

UK Department for Transport, 2015. Port freight statistics: 2014 final figures. [Online]. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/port-freight-statistics-2014-final-figures. [Accessed 11 January 2023].

UK Department for Transport, 2016. UK Port Freight Statistics: 2015. [Online]. Available at: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/555338/port-freight-statistics-2015.pdf. [Accessed 11 January 2023].

UK Department for Transport, 2017. Port freight statistics: 2016 final figures (revised). [Online]. Available at:

https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/port-freight-statistics-2016-final-figures#:~:text=unitised%20traffic%20rose%20by%202,1%25%20to%204.5%20million%20units. [Accessed 11 January 2023].

UK Department for Transport, 2018. UK Port Freight Statistics: 2017. [Online]. Available at: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/762200/port-freight-statistics-2017.pdf. [Accessed 11 January 2023].

UK Department for Transport, 2019. UK Port Freight Statistics: 2018. [Online]. Available at: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/826446/port-freight-statistics-2018.pdf. [Accessed 11 January 2023].

UK Department for Transport, 2020. UK Port Freight Statistics: 2019. [Online]. Available at: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/908558/port-freight-statistics-2019.pdf. [Accessed 11 January 2023].

UK Department for Transport, 2021. UK Port Freight Statistics: 2020. [Online]. Available at: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/1014546/port-freight-annual-statistics-2020.pdf.[Accessed 11 January 2023].

UK Department for Transport, 2022. Port freight annual statistics 2021: Overview of port freight statistics and useful information. [Online]. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/port-freight-annual-statistics-2021/port-freight-annual-statistics-2021-overview-of-port-freight-statistics-and-useful-information. [Accessed 11 January 2023].

Conclusion:

The Air Quality Standards Regulations 2010. [Online]. Available at: https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2010/1001/introduction/made. [Accessed 11 January 2023].

DEFRA, 2019. Clean Air Strategy 2019, s.l.: s.n. [Online]. Available at: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/770715/clean-air-strategy-2019.pdf. [Accessed 11 January 2023].

Meet the Team